My research focuses on exploring the coupled linkages between the natural system and human society, particularly for sustainable energy and agriculture systems. Some major areas include: 1) Evaluate the environmental impacts (air quality, human health, climate change, and water stress) of energy transition pathways; 2) Characterize the inertia of global water consumption and the resulting competition across economic sectors based on spatial analysis; and 3) Reveal the vulnerability of irrigated agriculture and energy system to climate change.